Chlorambucil
Veterinary Compounding Medication – Customized for Dogs, Cats, and Horses
Quick Reference
Basic Information
Chlorambucil is an immunosuppressant and alkylating agent used to manage cancers and autoimmune diseases in companion animals. It disrupts DNA replication and RNA transcription by forming covalent bonds with nucleic acids, effectively suppressing abnormal cell growth and immune system activity.
The medication is well absorbed orally and metabolized in the liver, requiring dosage adjustments and regular monitoring in animals with hepatic impairments.
Veterinary Medicine Uses
Dogs: Chlorambucil is used to treat lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and immune-mediated dermatologic conditions. It is frequently combined with corticosteroids such as prednisone to enhance therapeutic response and minimize side effects.
Cats: Commonly prescribed for lymphocytic leukemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and immune-related skin disorders. It is often favored over azathioprine in feline patients due to superior tolerance and safety.
Horses: Occasionally incorporated into multidrug protocols for lymphoma, though its use in equine medicine is less common compared to smaller animals.
Potential Side Effects
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite are among the most common effects.
Hematologic: Bone marrow suppression may cause anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia; regular blood work is essential.
Neurological: Rarely, seizures may occur, especially at high doses or in cases of overdose.
Dermatological: Hair loss and delayed regrowth can occur, particularly in certain dog breeds.
Precautions
Handling: Gloves should always be worn when handling or administering Chlorambucil due to its cytotoxic properties.
Contraindications: Not recommended for use in pregnant or lactating animals, or in those with severe hepatic or bone marrow dysfunction.
Monitoring: Regular blood tests are required to assess liver function and blood cell counts. Dosages should be adjusted based on lab results to prevent toxicity.
Drug Interactions
Use with caution when combining Chlorambucil with other immunosuppressants, myelosuppressive agents, or certain antibiotics, as these combinations can increase the risk of hematologic and hepatic toxicity.
Dosage and Administration
Chlorambucil is typically administered orally, with dosage and frequency individualized based on the condition being treated and the patient’s clinical response.
Safety Measures: Because the drug is cytotoxic, pet owners should avoid direct contact with the pet’s bodily fluids for at least 48 hours following administration.
Overdose Management
Overdose may result in severe bone marrow suppression, seizures, or multi-organ dysfunction. Immediate veterinary attention is required. Treatment includes gastric emptying, supportive care, and blood component therapy as indicated by clinical and laboratory findings.
Custom Veterinary Compounding for Chlorambucil
For safe, precise, and professionally compounded Chlorambucil formulations, trust Rock Ridge Pharmacy. Our veterinary compounding team can help tailor dosage, strength, and form to meet your animal’s unique therapeutic needs while maintaining rigorous safety standards.
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